Date Approved

2026

Degree Type

Open Access Senior Honors Thesis

Department or School

Geography and Geology

First Advisor

Christopher A. Gellasch, Ph.D.

Second Advisor

Christine M. Clark, Ph.D.

Third Advisor

Ann R. Eisenberg, Ph.D.

Abstract

Wetlands support biodiversity, regulate water cycles, and sustain ecological health. Understanding their functions and the relative contributions of groundwater and precipitation are key to conserving these ecosystems effectively, especially under changing climate conditions. Fish Lake Environmental Education Center (FLEEC) is 240 acres of diverse, glacially-influenced wetlands located near Lapeer, Michigan. This site encompasses a bog consisting of sphagnum moss and peat underlain by clay, as well as many glacial kettles that form ephemeral vernal pools during periods of frequent precipitation. Previous studies have shown that groundwater flows from the north to the southeast, from the bog towards Fish Lake. The bog is separated into two lobes, with the northern lobe more heavily precipitation-fed, while the southern lobe exhibits some influence from groundwater. This variation is attributed to the glacially formed topography of this region. With climate change causing extended periods of excess and deficient precipitation, the hydrologic properties of wetlands may change. These fluctuations may alter the physical and chemical hydrology of these wetland systems. This study aims to assess how wetland chemistry and water levels respond to variations in precipitation between wet and dry years to anticipate the needs of our wetlands and preserve the environment. Collection of groundwater and surface water samples at FLEEC has occurred one to two times per month since 2022. Field measurements include pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and water level. Laboratory analyses target key wetland health indicators, including nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, phosphorus, iron, and turbidity. Both field and lab parameters were evaluated to compare monthly and annual precipitation patterns at the site. Analysis of the hydrologic relationship explores the influence climate change may have on wetlands based on wet and dry years. The findings of this project will add to ongoing wetland research at FLEEC and provide insight into similar wetland ecosystems in the upper Midwest.

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