Title
Characterization of a novel class of polyphenolic inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2010
Department/School
Chemistry
Abstract
Plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1, (PAI-1) the primary inhibitor of the tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA) plasminogen activators, has been implicated in a wide range of pathological processes, making it an attractive target for pharmacologic inhibition. Currently available small-molecule inhibitors of PAI-1 bind with relatively low affinity and do not inactivate PAI-1 in the presence of its cofactor, vitronectin. To search for novel PAI-1 inhibitors with improved potencies and new mechanisms of action, we screened a library selected to provide a range of biological activities and structural diversity. Five potential PAI-1 inhibitors were identified, and all were polyphenolic compounds including two related, naturally occurring plant polyphenols that were structurally similar to compounds previously shown to provide cardiovascular benefit in vivo . Unique second generation compounds were synthesized and characterized, and several showed IC 50 values for PAI-1 between 10 and 200 n m . This represents an enhanced potency of 10â1000-fold over previously reported PAI-1 inactivators. Inhibition of PAI-1 by these compounds was reversible, and their primary mechanism of action was to block the initial association of PAI-1 with a protease. Consistent with this mechanism and in contrast to previously described PAI-1 inactivators, these compounds inactivate PAI-1 in the presence of vitronectin. Two of the compounds showed efficacy in ex vivo plasma and one blocked PAI-1 activity in vivo in mice. These data describe a novel family of high affinity PAI-1-inactivating compounds with improved characteristics and in vivo efficacy, and suggest that the known cardiovascular benefits of dietary polyphenols may derive in part from their inactivation of PAI-1.
Link to Published Version
Recommended Citation
Cale, J. M., Li, S.-H., Warnock, M., Su, E. J., North, P. R., Sanders, K. L.,… Lawrence, D. A. (2010). Characterization of a novel class of polyphenolic inhibitors of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 285(11), 7892–7902. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109.067967