Electrochemical CO2 reduction to liquid fuels: Mechanistic pathways and surface/interface engineering of catalysts and electrolytes
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2025
Department/School
Engineering Technology
Publication Title
The Innovation
Abstract
The high energy density of green synthetic liquid chemicals and fuels makes them ideal for sustainable energy storage and transportation applications. Electroreduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) directly into such high value-added chemicals can help us achieve a renewable C cycle. Such electrochemical reduction typically suffers from low faradaic efficiencies (FEs) and generates a mixture of products due to the complexity of controlling the reaction selectivity. This perspective summarizes recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of CO2 reduction reaction pathways toward liquid products and the state-of-the-art catalytic materials for conversion of CO2 to liquid C1 (e.g., formic acid, methanol) and C2+ products (e.g., acetic acid, ethanol, n-propanol). Many liquid fuels are being produced with FEs between 80% and 100%. We discuss the use of structure-binding energy relationships, computational screening, and machine learning to identify promising candidates for experimental validation. Finally, we classify strategies for controlling catalyst selectivity and summarize breakthroughs, prospects, and challenges in electrocatalytic CO2 reduction to guide future developments.
Link to Published Version
Recommended Citation
Li, X., Kang, W., Fan, X., Tan, X., Masa, J., Robertson, A. W., Jung, Y., Han, B., Texter, J., Cheng, Y., Dai, B., & Sun, Z. (2025). Electrochemical CO2 reduction to liquid fuels: Mechanistic pathways and surface/interface engineering of catalysts and electrolytes. The Innovation, 6(3), 100807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xinn.2025.100807
Comments
J. Texter is a faculty member in EMU's School of Engineering.
See the journal article for a complete list of authors and their affiliations.