Anti-Asian racism: Developing a brief, reliable, and valid measure
Document Type
Article
Publication Date
2026
Department/School
Geography and Geology
Publication Title
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities
Abstract
Objective We evaluated the dimensionality of an Anti-Asian racism (AAR) measure, informed the development of a brief measure, and validated a brief AAR measure. Method We conducted a national survey of 748 Asian American adults in 2023 (64.6% female). Bi-factor analysis was used to evaluate the dimensionality of the AAR measure, and Graded Response Models (GRM) informed the development of the brief measure of AAR. We also evaluated concurrent validity. Results The AAR scale is unidimensional. GRM was conducted to derive a brief (6-items), reliable, and valid measure of AAR. Our brief measure of AAR yielded valid and reliable scores, and was associated with firearm purchasing, depressive symptoms, anxiety symptoms, and appraisals of safety, demonstrating concurrent validity. Conclusions The brief measure of AAR includes items related to subtle, blatant, and cultural racism. The brief scale offers opportunities for real-time, momentary assessments and opportunities to discuss AAR in the community health setting.
Link to Published Version
Recommended Citation
Lee, D. B., Yang, X., Wu, T.-Y., Mouacheupao, I., Zimmerman, M. A., & Hsieh, H.-F. (2026). Anti-Asian racism: Developing a brief, reliable, and valid measure. Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40615-026-02939-7
Comments
X. Yang is a faculty member in EMU's Department of Geography and Geology.
T.-Y. Wu is a faculty member in EMU's School of Nursing.